I understand I could do a reset of my Windows 10 install, but that is more than I want to do to address this relatively minor issue. But if there is a relatively easy way to repair it, I'd like to try. I do not have any other issues with the Start Menu, so I think I can live with it as-is. And sfc /scannow reports no integrity violations. I have also successfully executed Dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth. Later I checked for updates and there was Feature update to Windows 10, version 1803 (despite currently being 1803), it was only small and installed quickly. Windows 10 Start menu Troubleshooter results Tile Database Is Corrupt to fix this open command prompt as administrator and run DISM command DISM.exe. For whatever reasons, that did not change anything. This involved creating a new user account, and then copying and replacing the corrupted database with a clean database from the newly created user account.
So I then researched and attempted some manual fixes on the tile database, but no success. It came back with 'tile database is corrupt' and 'not fixed'.
I figured this is not quite right, so I downloaded and executed Microsoft's Start Menu troubleshooter. When I click on it, it opens a page in Windows Store where I can check for app updates. Since updating Windows 10 to version 1803, I noticed that at the bottom of my Start Menu there is a category 'Other' and one item under that category listed as 'ms-resource:appDisplayName'.